{"id":12,"date":"2026-01-08T14:35:47","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T14:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2026-06-11T14:46:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:46:55","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_specialty et_pb_equal_columns et_pb_gutters2 et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_specialty_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_inner_0 et_pb_row_inner et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_inner_0 et_pb_column_inner et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>The McDonough Lab<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Environmental Analytical Chemistry<\/h3>\n<h3>and Chemical Biology<\/h3>\n<h3>at Carnegie Mellon University<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/lab-group#join-us\">Join us<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_single et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_group.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_group.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_group-1280x640.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_group-980x490.jpg 980w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_group-480x240.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2000px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-18\" title=\"McDonough lab members\" alt=\"McDonough lab members posing as a group in front of the Mellon Institute\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_1 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-pkan2.png\" width=\"768\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-pkan2.png 768w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-pkan2-480x311.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 768px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-22\" title=\"Research in the McDonough lab\" alt=\"diagram on a black background\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Research<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>In the McDonough laboratory, we are investigating how<strong>\u00a0organic contaminants<\/strong> <strong>impact aquatic ecosystems<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>and human health<\/strong> by combining <strong>innovative environmental chemistry<\/strong> and <strong>bioanalytical techniques<\/strong>, state-of-the-art <strong>mass spectrometry<\/strong>, and <strong>field monitoring<\/strong> campaigns. Our work protects the public from exposure to harmful pollutants and draws attention to the global ubiquity of organic contaminants.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_2 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Research Talks<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row et_pb_equal_columns et_pb_gutters2 et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_video_0 et_pb_video et_pb_module et_block_module\" title=\"Our Fluorinated Fingerprint: Interpreting Patterns of PFAS in Our Environment and Our Bodies\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_box\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Our Fluorinated Fingerprint: Interpreting Patterns of PFAS in Our Environment and Our Bodies\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rkx1kRWYJ5g?feature=oembed\"  allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay\" style=\"background-image:url(\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/rkx1kRWYJ5g\/maxresdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay_hover\"><a class=\"et_pb_video_play\" href=\"#\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_6 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_video_1 et_pb_video et_pb_module et_block_module\" title=\"Threads of Inquiry\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_box\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tracing Our PFAS Footprint\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/1031598371?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay\" style=\"background-image:url(\/\/i.vimeocdn.com\/video\/1952369028-f400179a3d573ca36fa91d2295a7fec05b088a65a0637085839a8b0e647eef49-d_960?region=us)\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay_hover\"><a class=\"et_pb_video_play\" href=\"#\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_3 et_pb_row et_pb_row_1-4_1-2_1-4 et_pb_equal_columns et_pb_gutters2 et_block_row et_block_row_1-4_1-2_1-4\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_4 et_block_column et_pb_column_empty et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_8 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms\/lc-ms-instruments\/quadrupole-time-of-flight-lc-ms\/pfas-identification-by-ion-mobility-qtof-lcms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tracing the biological fate of PFASs in living organisms and in-vitro systems using high-resolution ion mobility LC\/Q-TOF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_9 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_column_empty et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_3 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_10 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Current Research Projects<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_5 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_11 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Bioaccumulation-Directed Prioritization of Ionizable Organic Contaminants<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_2 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture1.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture1.png 500w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture1-480x385.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-25\" title=\"Bioaccumulation-Directed Prioritization of Ionizable Organic Contaminants\" alt=\"Graphic for the Bioaccumulation-Directed Prioritization of Ionizable Organic Contaminants research project\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_12 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>With this work, our objective is to develop \u201cvirtual organisms\u201d to rapidly isolate and concentrate mixtures of known and unknown organic contaminants in a manner representative of accumulation in biota. These strategies will facilitate rapid identification and risk-based prioritization of ionizable synthetic organic chemicals from complex chronic exposures.<\/p>\n<p>To date, much of our work in this arena has focused on analyzing tissues and fluids collected after dosing mice with field-collected aqueous film-forming foam containing hundreds of known and unknown per\/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The figure below (from McDonough et al., ES&amp;T 2020) highlights a series of bis-perfluoroalkyl sulfonimides tentatively identified in the serum of AFFF-dosed mice though they were not detected in the original dosing mixture, suggesting that these previously overlooked chemicals are highly bioaccumulative.<\/p>\n<p>Currently we are delving into in vitro techniques to further probe the processes occurring in the body and applying these ideas to a broader range of questions, including consideration of other ionizable organic contaminants besides PFASs and prioritization techniques in highly complex contaminated aquatic environments (SERDP Project ER22-4003).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_0 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_block_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Related Publications<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix\"><p>Dukes, D. A.; McDonough, C. A.\u00a0<strong>2024<\/strong>. N-glucuronidation and excretion of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides in mice following ingestion of aqueous film-forming foam.\u00a0<em>Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry<\/em>, e00224. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1002\/etc.5939<\/a><\/p>\n<p>McDonough, C. A.; Scott, W.\u00a0<strong>2023<\/strong>. Tackling PFAS complexity with HRMS and Bioanalytical Techniques.\u00a0<em>LCGC Supplements: Hot Topics in PFAS<\/em>, 41(s9), 12-16. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chromatographyonline.com\/view\/tackling-pfas-complexity-with-hrms-and-bioanalytical-techniques\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.56530\/lcgc.na.nr4267c9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>McDonough, C. A., Choyke, S., Ferguson, P. L., DeWitt, J. C., Higgins, C. P. <strong>2020<\/strong>. Bioaccumulation of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in mice dosed with an aqueous film-forming foam. <em>Environ. Sci. Technol.,\u00a0<\/em><em>54<\/em>, 5700-5709.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c00234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1021\/acs.est.0c00234.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_4 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_6 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_13 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Widening the Lens on Organofluorine in Human Serum<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_3 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-es2c00254_0002.jpeg\" width=\"768\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-es2c00254_0002.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-es2c00254_0002-480x252.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 768px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-38\" title=\"Widening the Lens on Organofluorine in Human Serum\" alt=\"Graphic of the Widening the Lens on Organofluorine in Human Serum research project\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_14 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_10 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Pre-PFAAs are PFASs that can potentially degrade to form highly persistent perfluoroalkyl acids (PFCAs and PFSAs) as their final product (McDonough et al., ES&T, 2022). Their bioavailability, toxicokinetics, and toxicology have not been studied extensively. The OECD has classified the majority of PFASs (4,186 out of 4,730 PFAS-related CAS numbers) as \u201cpotential precursors to PFAAs.\u201d Pre-PFAAs make up a significant portion of historical and modern AFFFs. They are also used in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products encountered by the general public. We are working to measure much needed distribution coefficients and gather information on biological transformation rates and transformation products for these precursors.<\/p>\n<p>We are also widening the lens on unidentified organofluorine by developing and optimizing new workflows for human biomonitoring. This includes ongoing work to develop improved methods to measure short-chain PFASs in human urine (funded by CDC NIOSH) and HRMS strategies to identify novel PFASs in human blood.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_1 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_block_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Related Publications<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix\"><p>Perera, D.; Scott, W.; Smolinski, R.; Mukhopadhyay, L.; McDonough, C. A. Techniques to characterize PFAS burden in biological samples: Recent insights and remaining challenges.\u00a0<em>Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>2024<\/strong>, 41, e00224. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.teac.2023.e00224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.teac.2023.e00224<\/a><\/p>\n<p>McDonough, C. A.; Li, W.; Bischel, H. N.; De Silva, A. O.; DeWitt, J. C. Widening the lens on PFASs: Direct human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (pre-PFAAs).\u00a0<em>ES&amp;T<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>2022<\/strong>, 56(10), 6004-6013. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c00254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1021\/acs.est.2c00254<\/a><\/p>\n<p>McDonough, C. A.; Choyke, S.; Barton, K. E.; Mass, S.; Starling, A. P.; Adgate, J. L.; Higgins, C. P. Unsaturated PFOS and other PFASs in human serum and drinking water from an AFFF-impacted community.\u00a0<em>ES&amp;T<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>2021<\/strong>, 55(12), 8139-8148. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c00522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1021\/acs.est.1c00522<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Barton, K.; Starling, A.; Higgins, C. P.; McDonough, C. A.; Calafat, A.; Adgate, J. Sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a community highly exposed to aqueous film-forming foam contaminants in drinking water. <em>Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health<\/em>. <strong>2020<\/strong>, 223(1), 256-266. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.07.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.07.012<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_5 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_7 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_15 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_11 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>PFASs in Benthic Biota Exposed to Impacted Marine Sediments (<a href=\"https:\/\/serdp-estcp.mil\/projects\/details\/988a7f10-8384-4acc-9234-a21dee8ac952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SERDP ER22-4003<\/a>)<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_4 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture2.png\" width=\"768\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture2.png 768w, https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-picture2-480x165.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 768px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-41\" title=\"PFASs in Benthic Biota Exposed to Impacted Marine Sediments\" alt=\"PFASs in Benthic Biota Exposed to Impacted Marine Sediments\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_16 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_12 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>PFAS contamination in marine sediments poses significant risks to benthic organisms and trophic transfer within coastal ecosystems. This issue is particularly pronounced at sites impacted by aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), where PFASs exist as complex mixtures. Our research aims to address critical knowledge gaps by: 1. Investigating how key variables\u2014sediment characteristics, PFAS molecular structure, and mixture complexity\u2014affect PFAS bioavailability, uptake, and bioaccumulation in major benthic organisms (e.g., worms, clams, fish, and crabs). 2. Assessing the role of diet as a pathway for PFAS exposure in benthic consumers. 3. Determining the relative toxicity of individual PFASs and PFAS mixtures on the survival and development of larval-stage benthic species.<\/p>\n<p>To achieve these objectives, we are conducting laboratory-controlled exposure experiments using both laboratory-spiked and field-collected marine sediments with varying PFAS mixture complexity. Preliminary findings suggest that HLB solid-phase microextraction (SPME) blades show significant potential for monitoring bioavailable PFAS concentrations in complex environmental matrices. Additionally, we have observed that PFAS potency varies with chain length and functional groups across multiple ecological endpoints. Our ongoing research focuses on further exploring the mechanisms of adsorption and the utility of SPME for measuring bioavailability, aiming to advance our understanding of PFAS behavior at sediment-biology interfaces.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_6 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_8 et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_17 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_13 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Past Projects<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_7 et_pb_section et_section_specialty et_pb_gutters3 et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_18 et_pb_column et_pb_column_single et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_14 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Depth profiles of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the Remote Ocean<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_5 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b01127\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-OPEs.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-OPEs.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" class=\"wp-image-42\" title=\"Dissolved organophosphate esters and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in remote marine environments: Arctic surface water distributions and net transport through Fram Strait\" alt=\"Depth profiles of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the Remote Ocean\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_15 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b01127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dissolved organophosphate esters and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in remote marine environments: Arctic surface water distributions and net transport through Fram Strait<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_19 et_pb_column et_pb_specialty_column et_pb_column_2_3 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_inner_1 et_pb_row_inner et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_inner_1 et_pb_column_inner et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_16 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Passive sampling to Understand Contaminant Dynamics in the Great Lakes<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_inner_2 et_pb_row_inner et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_inner_2 et_pb_column_inner et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_6 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/etc.4361\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-Hahn.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-Hahn.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" class=\"wp-image-43\" title=\"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor\u2010mediated activity of gas\u2010phase ambient air derived from passive sampling and an in vitro bioassay\" alt=\"Passive sampling to Understand Contaminant Dynamics in the Great Lakes\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_17 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/etc.4361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aryl hydrocarbon receptor\u2010mediated activity of gas\u2010phase ambient air derived from passive sampling and an in vitro bioassay<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_7 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/es501074r\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-PAH.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-PAH.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" class=\"wp-image-48\" title=\"Significance of Population Centers As Sources of Gaseous and Dissolved PAHs in the Lower Great Lakes\" alt=\"Significance of Population Centers As Sources of Gaseous and Dissolved PAHs in the Lower Great Lakes\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_18 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/es501074r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Significance of Population Centers As Sources of Gaseous and Dissolved PAHs in the Lower Great Lakes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_inner_3 et_pb_column_inner et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_8 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b03657\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-PCM.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-PCM.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" class=\"wp-image-44\" title=\"Polycyclic musks in the air and water of the lower Great Lakes: spatial distribution and volatilization from surface waters\" alt=\"Polycyclic musks in the air and water of the lower Great Lakes: spatial distribution and volatilization from surface waters\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_19 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b03657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polycyclic musks in the air and water of the lower Great Lakes: spatial distribution and volatilization from surface waters<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_9 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b02496\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-BDEs.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_research-BDEs.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" class=\"wp-image-47\" title=\"Spatial distribution and air\u2013water exchange of organic flame retardants in the Lower Great Lakes\" alt=\"Spatial distribution and air\u2013water exchange of organic flame retardants in the Lower Great Lakes\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_20 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b02496\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial distribution and air\u2013water exchange of organic flame retardants in the Lower Great Lakes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_8 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_9 et_pb_row et_pb_equal_columns et_block_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_20 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_21 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Carrie A. McDonough<\/h3>\n<p>Associate Professor of Chemistry<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_21 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_22 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"mailto:cmcdonou@andrew.cmu.edu\">cmcdonou@andrew.cmu.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_22 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_23 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chem.cmu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Chemistry<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carnegie Mellon University<\/a><br \/>Pittsburgh, PA 15213<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":74,"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":310,"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/groups.chem.cmu.edu\/mcdonough\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}